Atlas of Late Scythian fortresses in the Crimean foothills T.N. Smekalova S.G.Koltukhov Ju.P.Zaytsev

New book, in Russian and English. Quick and neat delivery INAY At the end of the 4′ – 2nd centuries BC, a whole network of Late Scythian fortresses appeared in the Crimean foothills. It was a period of close interaction between settled and nomadic tribes; a mixed Scythian-Tauric population was created. These sites existed until the 3rd century A. D., when they were destroyed by the new nomads who came from West and East. We know the names of four Late Scythian fortresses from the ancient written sourses: Neapolis, Khabaioi, Palakion, and Napitos. The capital of the Late Scythians, Neapolis, is situated on a rocky promontory above the Salgir river on the territory of modern Simferopol. This new publication describes the study of 53 Late Scythian fortifications with remote sensing and geophysical methods. All of the sites have now been found on Google Earth images, and their coordinates have been recorded. The sites were also located on both old and modern topographic maps and aerial photos and illus- trated with ground-based photographs taken recently and also many years ago. A viewshed analysis of each fortress has been done with the Mapinfo program using a digital relief model of Cri- mea. This allows a study of the intervisibility and the possibility of signaling and communications between the Late Scythian site. The topography of the Late Scythian sites will be discussed in this publi- cation; a major focus will be on the associated water sources, agri- cultural fields, and roads.